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| 剧作家品特获2005年诺贝尔文学奖
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| 时间：2005/10/13 出处： |
作者：李湃 提交日期：2005-10-13 19:02:00
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005
Harold Pinter
The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2005 is awarded to the English writer Harold Pinter
"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms".
The Swedish Academy
Harold Pinter was born on 10 October 1930 in the London borough of Hackney, son of a Jewish dressmaker. Growing up, Pinter was met with the expressions of anti-Semitism, and has indicated its importance for his becoming a dramatist. At the outbreak of the Second World War, he was evacuated from London at the age of nine, returning when twelve. He has said that the experience of wartime bombing has never lost its hold on him. Back in London, he attended Hackney Grammar School where he played Macbeth and Romeo among other characters in productions directed by Joseph Brearley. This prompted him to choose a career in acting. In 1948 he was accepted at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. In 1950, he published his first poems. In 1951 he was accepted at the Central School of Speech and Drama. That same year, he won a place in Anew McMaster's famous Irish repertory company, renowned for its performances of Shakespeare. Pinter toured again between 1954 and 1957, using the stage name of David Baron. Between 1956 and 1980 he was married to actor Vivien Merchant. In 1980 he married the author and historian Lady Antonia Fraser.
Pinter made his playwriting debut in 1957 with The Room, presented in Bristol. Other early plays were The Birthday Party (1957), at first a fiasco of legendary dimensions but later one of his most performed plays, and The Dumb Waiter (1957). His conclusive breakthrough came with The Caretaker (1959), followed by The Homecoming (1964) and other plays.
Harold Pinter is generally seen as the foremost representative of British drama in the second half of the 20th century. That he occupies a position as a modern classic is illustrated by his name entering the language as an adjective used to describe a particular atmosphere and environment in drama: "Pinteresque".
Pinter restored theatre to its basic elements: an enclosed space and unpredictable dialogue, where people are at the mercy of each other and pretence crumbles. With a minimum of plot, drama emerges from the power struggle and hide-and-seek of interlocution. Pinter's drama was first perceived as a variation of absurd theatre, but has later more aptly been characterised as "comedy of menace", a genre where the writer allows us to eavesdrop on the play of domination and submission hidden in the most mundane of conversations. In a typical Pinter play, we meet people defending themselves against intrusion or their own impulses by entrenching themselves in a reduced and controlled existence. Another principal theme is the volatility and elusiveness of the past.
It is said of Harold Pinter that following an initial period of psychological realism he proceeded to a second, more lyrical phase with plays such as Landscape (1967) and Silence (1968) and finally to a third, political phase with One for the Road (1984), Mountain Language (1988), The New World Order (1991) and other plays. But this division into periods seems oversimplified and ignores some of his strongest writing, such as No Man's Land (1974) and Ashes to Ashes (1996). In fact, the continuity in his work is remarkable, and his political themes can be seen as a development of the early Pinter's analysing of threat and injustice.
Since 1973, Pinter has won recognition as a fighter for human rights, alongside his writing. He has often taken stands seen as controversial. Pinter has also written radio plays and screenplays for film and television. Among his best-known screenplays are those for The Servant (1963), The Accident (1967), The Go-Between (1971) and The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981, based on the John Fowles novel). Pinter has also made a pioneering contribution as a director.
This bibliography includes published works only.
Works in English
1. Plays (year of writing; year of publication; year of first performance)
The Room (1957). – in The Birthday Party, and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1960. – (Bristol, 1957)
The Birthday Party (1957). – in The Birthday Party, and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1960. – (Arts Theatre, Cambridge, 28 April 1958)
The Dumb Waiter (1957). – in The Birthday Party, and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1960. – (Kleines Haus, Frankfurt, February 1959)
A Slight Ache (1958). – in A Slight Ache and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1961. – (Broadcast 1959)
The Hothouse (1958). – in The Hothouse. – London : Eyre Methuen, 1980. – (Hampstead Theatre, London,
24 April 1980)
The Caretaker (1959). – in The Caretaker. – London : Methuen, 1960. – (Arts Theatre, London, 27 April 1960)
A Night Out (1959). – in Slight Ache and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1961. – (Broadcast on the BBC Third Programme, 1 March 1960)
Night School (1960). – in Tea Party and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1967. – (Broadcast on Associated Rediffusion Television, 21 July 1960)
The Dwarfs (1960). – in Slight Ache and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1961. – (Broadcast 1960; New Arts Theatre, London, 18 September 1963)
The Collection (1961). – in The Collection. – London : French, 1963 (1962?) ; in The Collection, and The Lover. – London : Methuen, 1963. – (Televised 1961)
The Lover (1962). – in The Collection, and The Lover. – London : Methuen, 1963. – (Televised 1961)
Tea Party (1964). – in Tea Party and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1967. – (Eastside Playhouse, New York, October 1968)
The Homecoming (1964). – in The Homecoming. – London : Methuen, 1965. – (Aldwych Theatre, London, 3 June 1965)
The Basement (1966). – in Tea Party and Other Plays. – London : Methuen, 1967. – (Televised 1967)
Landscape (1967). – in Landscape. – London : Pendragon Press, 1968 ; in Landscape, and Silence. – London : Methuen, 1969. – (Broadcast 1968)
Silence (1968). – in Landscape, and Silence. – London : Methuen, 1969. – (Aldwych Theatre, London, 2 July 1969)
Old Times (1970). – in Old Times. – London : Methuen, 1971. – (Aldwych Theatre, London, 1 June 1971)
Monologue (1972). – in Monologue. – London : Covent Garden Press, 1973. – (Televised on the BBC Television, 13 April 1973)
No Man's Land (1974). – in No Man's Land. – London : Methuen, 1975. – (Old Vic, London 23 April, 1975)
Betrayal (1978). – in Betrayal. – London : Eyre Methuen, 1978. – (National Theatre, London, November 1978)
Family Voices (1980). – in Family Voices. – London : Next Editions, 1981. – (Broadcast on Radio 3,
22 January 1981)
Other Places (1982). – in Other Places : Three Plays. – London : Methuen, 1982. – (Cottesloe Theatre, London, October 1982)
A Kind of Alaska (1982). – in A Kind of Alaska. – London : French, 1982 ; in Other Places : Three Plays. – London : Methuen, 1982. – (Cottesloe Theatre, London, October 1982)
Victoria Station (1982). – in Victoria Station. – London : French, 1982 ; in Other Places : Three Plays. – London : Methuen, 1982. – (Cottesloe Theatre, London, October 1982)
One for the Road (1984). – in One for the Road. – London : Methuen, 1984. – (Lyric Theatre Studio, Hammersmith, March 1984)
Mountain Language (1988). – in Mountain Language. – London : French, 1988 ; in Mountain Language. – London : Faber, 1988. – (National Theatre, London, 20 October 1988)
The New World Order (1991). – in Granta (no 37), Autumn 1991. – (Royal Court Theatre Upstairs, London, 19 July 1991)
Party Time (1991). – in Party Time. – London : Faber, 1991. – (Almeida Theatre, London, 31 October 1991)
Moonlight (1993). – in Moonlight. – London : Faber, 1993. – (Almeida Theatre, London, 7 September 1993)
Ashes to Ashes (1996). – in Ashes to Ashes. – London : Faber, 1996. – (Royal Court at the Ambassadors Theatre, London, 12 September 1996)
Celebration (1999). – in Celebration. – London : Faber, 2000. – (Almeida Theatre, London, 16 March 2000)
Remembrance of Things Past (2000). – in Remembrance of Things Past. – London : Faber, 2000. – ( Cottesloe Theatre, London, 23 November, 2000)
2. Additional
The Proust Screenplay : À la recherche du temps perdu / by Harold Pinter, with the collaboration of
Joseph Losey and Barbara Bray. – New York : Grove Press, 1977
Poems and Prose 1949 –1977. – London : Methuen, 1978
The Dwarfs : a novel. – London : Faber, 1990
Various Voices : Poetry, Prose, Politics, 1948 –1998. – London : Faber, 1998
Collected Screenplays. 1. – London : Faber, 2000. – Content : The Servant, The Pumpkin Eater, The Quiller Memorandum, The Accident, The Last Tycoon, Langrishe Go Down
Collected Screenplays. 2. – London : Faber, 2000. – Content : The Go-Between ; The Proust Screenplay ;
Victory ; Turtle Diary ; Reunion
Collected Screenplays. 3. – London : Faber, 2000. – Content : The French Lieutenant's Woman ; The Heat of the Day ; The Comfort of Strangers ; The Trial ; The Dreaming Child
The Disappeared and Other Poems. – London : Enitharmon, 2002
Press Conference. – London : Faber, 2002
War : [Eight Poems and One Speech]. – London : Faber, 2003
Works in French
C'était hier / traduit de l'anglais par Éric Kahane. – Paris: Gallimard, 1971. – Traduction de: Old Times
No man's land ; suivi de Le monte plat ; Une petite douleur ; Paysage ; et de Dix sketches / adaptation
française d'Éric Kahane. – Paris: Gallimard, 1979
La collection ; suivi de L'amant ; et de Le gardien / trad. de l'anglais par Éric Kahane. – Paris: Gallimard, 1984. – Traduction de: The Collection ; The Lover ; The Caretaker
L'anniversaire / trad. de l'anglais par Éric Kahane. – Paris: Gallimard, 1985. – Traduction de: The Birthday Party
Le retour / trad. de l'anglais par Éric Kahane. – Paris: Gallimard, 1985. – Traduction de: The Homecoming
Trahisons ; suivi de Hothouse ; Un pour la route: et autres pièces / adapt. française d'Éric Kahane. – Paris: Gallimard, 1987
La lune se couche ; suivi de Ashes to Ashes ; Langue de la montagne ; Une soirée entre amis: et autres
textes / trad. de l'anglais par Éric Kahane. – Paris: Gallimard, 1998
Les nains : roman / trad. de l'anglais par Alain Delahaye. – Paris: Gallimard, 2000. – Traduction de: The Dwarfs
Autres voix : prose, poésie, politique, 1948–1998 / trad. de l'anglais par Jean Pavans, Isabelle D. Philippe
et Natalie Zimmermann. – Montricher: Éd. Noir sur blanc, 2001. – Traduction de: Various Voices
La guerre / trad. de l'anglais par Jean Pavans. – Paris: Gallimard, 2003. – Traduction de: War
Célébration ; La chambre / trad. de l'anglais par Jean Pavans. – Paris: Gallimard, 2003
Works in Swedish
Apart from anthologies no work by Harold Pinter has yet been published in book form in Swedish.
Works in German
Tiefparterre / Neu durchges. Fassung nach d. Übers. von Willy H. Thiem. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1967. – Originaltitel : The Basement
Teegesellschaft / nach d. Übers. von Willy H. Thiem, d. Bühnen gegenüber Ms. – Reinbek bei
Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1968. – Originaltitel: Tea Party
Dramen / Neu durchges. Fassung nach d. Übers. von Willy H. Thiem u.a. – Reinbek bei Hamburg :
Rowohlt, 1970
Alte Zeiten ; Landschaft ; Schweigen : 3 Theaterstücke / Dt. von Renate u. Martin Esslin. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1972
Betrogen / Dt. von H. M. Ledig-Rowohlt. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1978. – Originaltitel : Betrayal
Das Treibhaus / Dt. von Heinrich Maria Ledig-Rowohlt. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1980. – Originaltitel: The Hothouse
Der stumme Diener : ausgew. Dramen / Übers. aus d. Engl. von Willy H. Thiem ... Ausw. u. Nachw. von Klaus Köhler. – Leipzig : Insel-Verlag, 1981
Familienstimmen / Dt. von Heinrich Maria Ledig-Rowohlt. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt-Theater-Verlag, 1981. – Originaltitel: Family Voices
Einen für unterwegs / Dt. von Heinrich Maria Ledig-Rowohlt. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt-Theater-Verlag, 1984. – Originaltitel: One For the Road
Genau / Dt. von Heinrich Maria Ledig-Rowohlt. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, Theater-Verlag, 1986. – Originaltitel: Precisely
An anderen Orten : 5 neue Kurzdramen / Dt. von Heinrich Maria Ledig-Rowohlt. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1988
Die Geburtstagsfeier ; Der Hausmeister ; Die Heimkehr ; Betrogen. – Nach den Übers. von Willy H. Thiem. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1990
Die Zwerge : Roman / Dt. von Johanna Walser und Martin Walser. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1994. – Originaltitel : The Dwarfs
Mondlicht und andere Stücke. – Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt-Taschenbuch-Verl., 2000
Krieg / Aus dem Engl. von Elisabeth Plessen und Peter Zadek. – Hamburg : Rogner und Bernhard bei Zweitausendeins, 2003. – Originaltitel : War
Literature
Hayman, Ronald, Harold Pinter. – London : Heinemann, 1968
Esslin, Martin, The Peopled Wound : the Plays of Harold Pinter – London : Methuen, 1970
Hollis, James Russell, Harold Pinter : the Poetics of Silence. – Carbondale, Ill. : Southern Ill. U.P., 1970
Hinchliffe, Arnold P., Harold Pinter. – Boston : Twayne, 1981
Dukore, Bernard Frank, Harold Pinter. – London : Macmillan, 1982
Harold Pinter : You Never Heard Such Silence / edited by Alan Bold. – London : Vision, 1985
Harold Pinter : Critical Approaches / edited by Steven H. Gale. – Rutherford : Fairleigh Dickinson Univ. Press, 1986
Harold Pinter / edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom. – New York : Chelsea House Publishers, 1987
Esslin, Martin, Pinter the Playwright. – London : Methuen, 1992
Gussow, Mel, Conversations With Pinter. – New York : Limelight Editions, 1994
Knowles, Ronald, Understanding Harold Pinter. – Columbia, S.C. : University of South Carolina Press, 1995
Regal, Martin S., Harold Pinter : a Question of Timing. – London : Macmillan, 1995
Billington, Michael, The Life and Work of Harold Pinter. – London : Faber, 1996
Jalote, Shri Ranjan, The Plays of Harold Pinter : a Study in Neurotic Anxiety. – New Delhi : Harman, 1996
Peacock, D. Keith, Harold Pinter and the New British Theatre. – Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press, 1997
Harold Pinter : a Celebration / introduced by Richard Eyre. – London : Faber, 2000
Prentice, Penelope, The Pinter Ethic : the Erotic Aesthetic. – New York : Garland, 2000
Pinter at 70 : a Caseboook / edited by Lois Gordon. – New York : Routledge, 2001
Gale, Steven H., Sharp Cut : Harold Pinter's Screenplays and the Artistic Process. – Lexington : University Press of Kentucky, cop. 2003
The Art of Crime : the Plays and Films of Harold Pinter and David Mamet / edited by Leslie Kane. –
New York : Routledge, 2004
Smith, Ian, Pinter in the Theatre. – London : Nick Hern, 2005. – New York : Routledge, 2004
Baker, William, Harold Pinter : a Bibliographical History. – London : The British Library, 2005
Batty, Mark, & Ross, John C., About Pinter : the Playwright and the Work. – London : Faber, 2005
The Swedish Academy
英国戏剧大师哈罗德品特弃笔从政
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005年03月15日12:26 国际先驱导报
“进行抗议的唯一方式就是借助思想、智慧与团结。”——哈罗德·品特
哈罗德·品特停止了自己的戏剧创作，走上另一个更现实的舞台，发表政治演说，进行政治活动，彻底变成了强权政治的对立面
国家先驱导报文章 可以称作当今在世最伟大剧作家的哈罗德·品特最近宣布， 他已决定终止自己的剧作生涯，集中精力于政治活动。这位现年74岁的剧作大师宣布这一消息，让等待他新作的人们大为失望。
萧伯纳之后的大师
品特在BBC(英国广播公司)节目上说：“我已经创作了29部剧作，觉得已经足够多了。现在我已经找到了新的方式来释放能量。过去几年中，我曾在不同地方发表过不少政治演讲，今后我将把更多精力放在政治事务上。我认为，目前的世界现实非常令人担忧。”
品特被评论界誉为萧伯纳之后英国最重要的剧作家，也是当代西方荒诞派戏剧在英国的最重要代表。在他的全部29个剧本中，《归乡》《背叛》《生日晚会》《房间》与《看管人》等都成为经典之作，代表了西方现代派戏剧的最高成就。
虽然近期作品都无法和昔日杰作的光华相比，品特仍旧是英国乃至世界戏剧界德高望重的人物。品特的最后一部剧作是2000年的《庆典》。由于他身患癌症的健康原因，人们一直在猜测他是否会停笔。而现在，品特自己证实了这一点。
从荒诞派到政治剧
品特1930年生于伦敦，曾短期就读于皇家戏剧艺术学院，因感到这里与自己的艺术理念不符而最终辍学。他年轻时代就出版过诗歌，最初还在剧院中当过演员。他最早的剧作《房间》发表于1957年，同年完成了自己上演最多的剧作《生日聚会》。加上1960年的《看管人》以及1964年的《归乡》，这几部剧作被人称为“威胁喜剧”，因为其情节常发生在一个完全无辜的境遇下，最后发展成一个具有威胁性的荒诞状况，而剧中角色的表现有时在观众或其他角色看来是无法解释的。这一时期，品特深受贝克特与尤奈斯库等荒诞派戏剧大师理念的影响，投身于这一影响深远的运动中。
70年代，品特的剧作篇幅逐渐变得短小，更为政治化，看起来像某种寓言。同时，品特的剧作在那个时代也开始具有明显的左派倾向，对充斥世界的不公正境况进行了严厉抨击，他的激进言行也常见于英国媒体。可以说，品特这时的风格已从荒诞派逐渐向政治戏剧过渡。
品特一生获奖无数，其中包括莎士比亚奖、欧洲文学大奖、皮兰德娄奖、大卫·科恩大不列颠文学奖、劳伦斯·奥利佛奖以及莫里哀终身成就奖。此外，他还有14个大学的荣誉学位。
而对于电影，品特也做出了杰出贡献。他的第一个电影剧本是1962年的《仆人》，由英国著名导演约瑟夫·洛塞搬上银幕，非常成功。此后的《事故》和《背叛》等都为品特作为电影剧作家赢得了声誉。
诗歌才能受到质疑
可以安慰品特忠实拥趸的是，他表示自己会继续诗歌创作，并认为这是自己目前找到的更好表达方式。
实际上，品特早已将兴趣更多地转向了诗歌。2003年便出版了一部选集《战争》，表达了他对伊拉克战争的强烈抗议，2004年还因这部诗集获得了威尔弗雷德·欧文奖。其中一首诗曾在英国《卫报》发表：“……你的脑袋卷进沙里/你的脑袋是泥土的池塘/你的脑袋是尘埃中的一个污点/你的目光已经熄灭而你的鼻子/仅仅嗅到死者的臭气/而所有死亡的空气都活着/伴随着美国上帝的气息。”
不足为怪，某些人会质疑品特作为诗人的能力，能否与其剧作家的盛名相比。诗人丹·佩特森去年就曾经影射：“要想写一首诗，并不仅仅是就伊拉克战争如何肮脏进行一些感情冲动的控诉，即使你是世上最伟大的剧作家也如此，因为谁都能这么写。”
炮轰美英联盟强权
品特对政治的兴趣早就是公开的事情了。近年来，他一直对强权政治进行直接批判，包括对北约轰炸前南斯拉夫的事件。
而品特针对美国以及布什政权的批判也是极为严厉的，认为美国正在朝统治世界的方向努力，而美国公众以及布莱尔只是作壁上观。他认为，美国政府是有史以来最危险的政权。在英美攻打伊拉克期间，他公开把布莱尔称作“被盅惑的白痴”，而布什是一个“屠夫”，并把其政权与纳粹相提并论。
品特认为，美国设在关塔纳摩的关押塔利班和基地组织成员的拘留营就是一个“集中营”。而美国人对允许这样一个总统掌权负有责任，品特责备他们没有“进行一次大规模的反叛”，而布莱尔这样一个“被盅惑的白痴”故意对英国人的抗议视而不见。
去年做了一次癌症大手术后，品特重返公众生活，又继续猛烈抨击美国外交。他把自己从手术台上回到公众生活中并目睹美国暴行的经历，称作“从一个个人的噩梦进入一个更深的公共噩梦中。”
品特认为：“美国已经失去理智。它已超过了人们的想象，谁都不知道下一步它会做什么。也许只有纳粹德国能与其相比。”他说，因为媒体的控制与宣传，无数美国人相信布什说的每个字都是准确的、道德的。而在“英国这样一个鼓励人们不用大脑的社会里，进行抗议的唯一方式就是借助思想、智慧与团结。”(边大路) |
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